The transplant

The transplant

A stem cell transplant is a treatment that gives a patient healthy blood stem cells through a drip into a vein. These cells travel through the bloodstream to the bone marrow, where they begin to make new blood cells.

A transplant is only suitable for some patients. The transplant doctor will decide whether it is the right option based on the patient’s diagnosis, disease stage, and general health. A successful transplant also requires a suitable tissue type match.

What happens during the transplant?

On transplant day, healthy stem cells are infused into the bloodstream through an IV drip in a hospital room. The procedure itself is usually straightforward, and the transplant team will monitor the patient closely throughout.

After the cells are given, they move to the cavities of the large bones, where they begin the process of engraftment. This is when the new stem cells start producing healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

How long does engraftment take?

Engraftment usually takes around 3 to 4 weeks, although this can vary from person to person. During this time, the patient’s immune system is still very weak, so they remain in hospital for close monitoring and support.

It can take up to 4 to 8 weeks for the immune system to begin defending the body properly against infection and bleeding.

Learn about the timeline for a stem cell transplant, including the stages completed by a donor.

What to expect after the transplant

While the new stem cells are settling in, the patient will need regular checks and supportive care. The medical team will monitor blood counts, watch for complications, and manage side effects as they arise.

To learn more about side effects, complications, and the recovery period, visit our Recovery page.

Helpful resources

For more detailed information about the transplant process, you can also read the NSW Bone Marrow Transplant Network’s Patient Brochure.